Muri iki gihe imbuga nkoranyambaga zirimo X (yahoze ari Twitter), Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, WhatsApp, YouTube n’izindi zifasha abantu gusangira amakuru, kwamamaza ibikorwa byabo, kwigisha no kwidagadura.

Nubwo imbuga nkoranyambaga zifitiye abantu akamaro kanini ariko, hari abazikoresha mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko, ndetse bamwe zikabakururira gukora ibyaha.

Mu Rwanda, hari amategeko atandukanye ahana ibyaha birimo n’ibishobora gukorerwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Ni ngombwa rero kumenya ko ubutumwa n’ibikorwa bikorerwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bifatwa nk’ibyakorewe mu ruhame, bityo bikaba byakurikiranwa n'amategeko.

Bimwe mu byaha abakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga mu Rwanda bashobora gufatirwamo harimo ibiteganywa n'itegeko No 60/2018 ryo ku wa 22/08/2018 ryerekeye gukumira no guhana ibyaha bikoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga bikurikira:

Gutangaza amakuru y'ibihuha: Ingingo ya 39 iteganya ko iki cyaha gikorwa iyo umuntu akoresheje mudasobwa cyangwa indi miyoboro y’ikoranabunga agatangaza amakuru y'ibihuha ashobora guteza ubwoba, imvururu cyangwa ihohotera muri rubanda, cyangwa agatuma umuntu atakarizwa icyizere.

Akenshi usanga abantu bohereza cyangwa basangiza (share) ku mbuga nkoranyambaga amakuru bataragenzuye inkomoko yayo, bagatangaza inkuru z'impimbano, cyangwa bagakwirakwiza amafoto, amashusho n'amajwi atari ukuri cyangwa yakuwe ahandi bakerekana ibintu bitabaye, bigamije kuyobya cyangwa guteza ubwoba rubanda. Ababikora baba bagamije ko ibyo batangaje bibonwa n’abantu benshi (views), gusebya abandi, guteza urujijo cyangwa guhungabanya ituze n'umutekano bya rubanda.

Uhamijwe iki cyaha ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka 3 kugeza kuri 5 n'ihazabu iri hagati y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda 1,000,000rwf na 3,000,000frw.

Kwiyitirira umwirondoro: Iki cyaha gikunze kugaragara aho abantu bakoresha konti z'impimbano cyangwa bakiyitirira ibigo, ibyamamare cyangwa inzego za Leta bagamije kwambura abaturage amafaranga. Hari n'abizeza abantu akazi, amasoko, buruse cyangwa inyungu z'umurengera bakabasaba kubanza kohereza amafaranga.

Ingingo ya 40 ivuga ko uhamijwe iki cyaha ahanishwa ibihano bimwe n’uwakoze cyo gutangaza amakuru y’ibihuha tumaze kuvuga hejuru.

Ni ngombwa buri gihe kugira amakenga mbere yo kohereza amafaranga, kwirinda gutanga amakuru y'ibanga nka PIN, OTP n’ijambo ry'ibanga (password) kuko ari byo bitiza umurindi abakora iki cyaha.

Gutangaza amakuru y’urukozasoni hakoreshejwe uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga: Mu ngingo yaryo ya 38 y'iri tegeko isobanura ko ari icyaha ku muntu wese utangaza cyangwa ukwirakwiza amafoto, amashusho, amajwi cyangwa ubutumwa bwanditse burimo ibikorwa by'urukozasoni byaba bikorewe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga cyangwa izindi nzira z'ikoranabuhanga.

Ibi kenshi nabyo usanga ababikora baba bagamije gukurura abantu kugira ngo ibyo batangaje birebwe cyane, gusebya no gutesha agaciro abandi cyane cyane ku bahoze bakundana nyuma bakaza gutandukana, gushaka inyungu z'amafaranga, abandi ugasanga bafunguye amatsinda ku mbuga nkoranyambaga nka WhatsApp bagasangirizamo bene ayo mashusho n'amafoto bavuga ko bibafasha kuruhura mu mutwe.

Ibihano kuri iki cyaha ni igifungo kuva ku mezi 6 kugeza ku myaka 2 n'ihazabu iri hagati y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ari hagati ya 1,000,000frw na 2,000,000frw. Iyo ubutumwa bureba umwana cyangwa bwarahimbiwe umuntu, ibihano birushaho gukomera bikageza ku myaka 5 y’igifungo n’ihazabu ikaba yagera kuri mafaranga 3,000,000frw.

Gushyira ahagaragara amashusho y’imikoreshereze y’ibitsina hakoreshejwe uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga: Iki cyaha giteganywa n’ingingo ya 34, aho ivuga ko ari icyaha gikorwa iyo umuntu atangaje cyangwa atumye hatangazwa amashusho cyangwa amajwi ajyanye n’imikoreshereze y’ibitsina hakoreshejwe mudasobwa, telefoni, cyangwa ubundi buryo bw’ikoranabunga. Hari kandi n’abakoresha ubu buryo  bagamije gushuka abana ngo babakoreshe ibikorwa by'imibonano mpuzabitsina.

Uwahamijwe iki cyaha ahanishwa gufungwa hagati y'imyaka 3-5 akanacibwa ihazabu iri hagati y'amafaranga y'u Rwanda 1,000,000frw na 3,000,000frw. Iyo icyaha kireba gukwirakwiza amashusho y’umwana yerekeranye n’imikoreshereze y’ibitsina, ibihano biriyongera bikagera ku gifungo cy'imyaka 7, n’ihazabu ya n’amafaranga 3,000,000frw.

Kubuza amahwemo hakoreshejwe uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga: Iki cyaha kiboneka mu ngingo ya 35 nayo ibuza ibikorwa birimo;  kohereza cyangwa gukwirakwiza ubutumwa, amashusho, amajwi n'amafoto by'urukozasoni ugamije kubuza amahwemo cyangwa gushyira ibikangisho ku muntu bikamutera ubwoba n’umutima uhagaze.

Hari n'ibindi bikorwa bikunze gukorerwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bigize iki cyaha. Urugero, gufata amafoto, amashusho cyangwa amajwi by'umuntu utabimusabye cyangwa atabizi hanyuma ukabikwirakwiza ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ugamije kumusebya cyangwa kumubuza amahwemo.

Ni na ko bimeze ku muntu ukwirakwiza amakuru cyangwa amagambo ashobora gutuma undi akorerwa ubugizi bwa nabi n’ihohoterwa, nko gushyira ku mbuga nkoranyambaga aho atuye, aho akorera cyangwa andi makuru ashobora gushyira ubuzima bwe mu kaga.

Umuntu uhamijwe iki cyaha ashobora guhanishwa igifungo kiri hagati y'amezi 6 n'imyaka 2, ndetse agatanga ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda iri hagati ya 1,000,000frw na 2,000,000frw. Icyakora, iki cyaha gikurikiranwa gusa iyo kiregewe n’uwagikorewe niyo mpamvu umuntu ubona ari gukorerwa ibikorwa bigize iki cyaha akwiriye kwihutira ku biregera RIB kugira ngo bitangire gukurikiranwa n’ibimenyetso bitarasibangana.

Ivangura no gukurura amacakubiri: Ingingo ya 163 y'Itegeko No 68/2018 riteganya ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange ibuza ibikorwa byose by'ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose yaba irishingiye ku bwoko, inkomoko, umuryango, ibara ry'uruhu, igitsina, akarere, ubwenegihugu, idini, ibitekerezo bya politiki, ururimi, umuco, ibyiciro by'ubukungu, imibereho muri sosiyete, ubumuga cyangwa indi miterere y'umuntu.

Usibye icyaha cy’ivangura kandi, ku mbuga nkoranyambaga hakunze gukorerwaho icyaha cyo gukurura amacakubiri mu bantu kikaba giteganywa n’ingingo ya 164 y'iri tegeko. Iki cyaha gikorwa iyo umuntu akoresheje imvugo, inyandiko cyangwa igikorwa icyo ari cyo cyose bishobora gutanya abantu, kubashyamiranya, cyangwa bigateza intugunda mu bantu bishingiye ku ivangura.

Byagiye bigaragara ko ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ko hari abantu, cyane cyane abari mu mahanga, bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga bagatangaza ibiganiro n’ubutumwa buvangura abantu bashingiye ku moko, bagashimagiza ubwoko bumwe cyangwa bagatesha agaciro ubundi. Hari kandi n’ibikunze kugaragara kuri bamwe bavuga ko abaturage baturuka mu Karere runaka cyangwa abo mu gace runaka k’igihugu atari abo kwizerwa bakabikora bagamije kubangisha abandi.

Ibi byaha byombi bihanishwa igifungo kiri hagati y'imyaka 5-7 n'ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda iri hagati ya 500,000frw na 1,000,000frw.

Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n'ibyaha bifitanye isano na yo: Iki nacyo kiri mu byaha bikomeye bikunze gukorerwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Giteganywa n'itegeko Nº 59/2018 ryo ku wa 22/08/2018. Ibivugwa muri iri tegeko bikunze kugaragara twavugamo, icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside, guhakana, gupfobya no guha ishingiro jenoside.

Hari abantu bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga bagatangaza amagambo, amashusho, amajwi cyangwa inyandiko zihakana Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994, bavuga ko itabaye, ko itateguwe cyangwa bakemeza ko mu Rwanda habaye jenoside ebyiri.

Hari n'abagoreka amateka bagamije kuyobya rubanda, bagapfobya uburemere bwa jenoside, bakagabanya umubare w'abayizize cyangwa bakoroshya uburyo yakozwemo. Abandi bo bashimagiza cyangwa bagaha ishingiro abayikoze n'ibikorwa byabo berekana ko ariko byagombaga kugenda. Ibikorwa nk’ibi byagiye bituma bamwe bakurikiranwa ndetse bakanahanwa n'inkiko z'u Rwanda.

Amategeko abifata nk'ibyaha bikomeye kandi ababihamijwe n'urukiko bahanishwa igifungo kiri hagati y’imyaka 5-7, ndetse n'ihazabu iri hagati y'amafaranga y'u Rwanda 500,000frw na 1,000,000frw.

RIB ikomeza kwibutsa abakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga kugira amakenga no kubanza kugenzura ukuri n'inkomoko y'amakuru mbere yo kuyatangaza cyangwa kuyasangiza abandi. Nanone, umuntu akwiye kwirinda gutangaza cyangwa gusangiza amafoto, amashusho n'ubutumwa bushobora guhungabanya uburenganzira bw'abandi, kubasebya, kubangamira imibereho yabo cyangwa guteza urwango n'amacakubiri.

Gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga bisaba kubahiriza amategeko, uburenganzira bwa muntu n'indangagaciro z'Abanyarwanda.