Amategeko y’u Rwanda atandukanye ateganya ibyiciro bibiri by’imanza zicibwa n’inkiko harimo imanza zituruka ku birego mpanabyaha n’imanza zituruka ku birego mbonezamubano. Kumenya itandukaniro ryabyo bifasha umuntu gusobanukirwa aho ikibazo cye gikwiriye gukemurirwa bigendanye n’icyo amategeko ateganya.

Ese itandukaniro ry’ibirego mpanabyaha na mbonezamubano ni irihe?

Ibirego mpanabyaha birebana n’ikorwa ry’icyaha giteganywa n’amategeko ahana. Iyo umuntu aketsweho gukora icyaha, inzego zibishinzwe zirimo Urwego rw’Ubugenzacyaha (RIB), Ubushinjacyaha n’Inkiko zikora inshingano zazo kugira ngo hamenyekane ukuri kandi ubutabera butangwe.

Ku birego mpanabyaha, Leta ni yo ikurikirana uregwa binyuze mu Bushinjacyaha, kuko icyaha kiba gifatwa nk’igikorwa gihungabanya ituze n’umutekano by’abaturage, kabone n’iyo uwagikorewe yaba atakomeje ikirego cyeretse iyo ibyaha byakozwe bikemuwe hifashishijwe ubuhuza hagati y’uregwa n’urega.

Iyo ikiregerwa ari mpanabyaha, Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Ubugenzacyaha (RIB) rufite inshingano yo kwakira no kwegeranya ibimenyetso ku cyaha cyakozwe rugamije kugaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye.

Iyo hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ucyekwaho icyaha yabigizemo uruhare, ibyo bimenyetso bishyikirizwa Ubushinjacyaha buzaburana buhagarariye Leta. Uregwa ashobora gukurikiranwa afunze cyangwa adafunze hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’itegeko rigena imiburanishirize y’imanza mpanabyaha.  

Ingero z’ibirego mpanabyaha harimo ubujura, ubwicanyi, gusambanya ku gahato, gusambanya umwana, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ruswa, uburiganya, gukoresha cyangwa gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge, kwangiza umutungo, ibyaha bikoresheje ikoranabuhanga, iyezandonke, ibikorwa by’iterabwoba n’ibindi byaha biteganywa n’amategeko.

Iyo umuntu ahamwe n’icyaha, ashobora guhanishwa igifungo, ihazabu, gukora imirimo nsimburagifungo ifitiye igihugu akamaro cyangwa ibindi bihano biteganywa n’amategeko, bitewe n’uburemere bw’icyaha yakoze.

Ibirego mbonezamubano byo birebana cyane cyane n’amakimbirane hagati y’abantu, imiryango cyangwa ibigo. Ibi birego bishingira cyane ku kutuzuza inshingano z’ibiba byumvikanyweho hagati y’impande cyangwa kutubahiriza ibyo amategeko mbonezamubano atandukanye.

Muri ibi birego, intego si uguhana umuntu, ahubwo ni ugukemura amakimbirane no gusubiza buri ruhande uburenganzira bwarwo. Akenshi, urubanza mbonezamubano rutangizwa n’umuntu wumva ko uburenganzira bwe bwahungabanye, akiyambaza urukiko kugira ngo rumurenganure.

Mu ngero z’imanza mbonezamubano harimo amakimbirane ashingiye ku masezerano, imyenda, imitungo, imbibi, indishyi z’ibyangiritse, izungura, uburenganzira ku mutungo, n’andi makimbirane hagati y’abantu cyangwa ibigo aturuka ku byumvikanyweho n’impande zombi.

Iyo urukiko rwaregewe rusanze ikirego gifite ishingiro, rushobora gutegeka ko uregwa cyangwa uwarenze ku burenganzira bw’undi atanga indishyi, asubiza umutungo cyangwa yubahiriza ibyo yari afiteho inshingano.

Ariko rero igikorwa kimwe gishobora kuvamo urubanza mpanabyaha n’urubanza mbonezamubano icyarimwe. Urugero nko ku cyaha cyo gukubita no gukomeretsa, uregwa ashobora gukurikiranwa mu rubanza mpanabyaha kubera icyaha cyo gukubita cyangwa gukomeretsa undi, hanyuma uwakomerekejwe nawe ashobora gusaba indishyi zikomoka kuri icyo cyaha nko gusubizwa agaciro k’ibyatanzwe yivuza, binyuze mu rubanza mbonezamubano cyangwa akazisabira mu rubanza mpanabyaha nk’uko amategeko abiteganya.

Ibirego mpanabyaha bishyikirizwa RIB naho ibirego mbonezamubano bishyikirizwa inkiko mbonezamubano zibifitiye ububasha. Gusa iyo habayeho kwibeshya, ibirego mbonezamubano bigashyikirizwa RIB, ababitanze bagirwa inama yo kubitanga mu nkiko zibifitiye ububasha.